conceptual and implementation aspects of application-layer protocols
Client-Server Paradigm Definition: In the client-server model, there are two main components: the server, which provides services, and the client, which requests them. This model operates over a network, allowing different devices to communicate with each other efficiently. Server: Nature: Always active host, usually maintaining a permanent IP address. Location: Typically housed in data centers to facilitate scalability and robustness. Role: Provide services and resources to clients. Client: Nature: May be intermittently connected, often possessing a dynamic IP address. Role: Initiates communication and requests services or resources from the server. Communication: Primarily interacts with servers and generally does not communicate directly with other clients. Examples: HTTP (Web Browsing), IMAP (Email Retrieval), and FTP (File Transfer) are all protocols based on the client-server model. Peer-peer architecture Definition: In a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture, each end system, or “peer...